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Scot McKnight’s Fasting

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A tremendous, tremendous book!  Fasting is part of Thomas Nelson’s “The Ancient Practices Series.”  McKnight, an Anabaptist theologian, handles the subject in a careful, balanced, and thought-provoking way.

He defines fasting as “the natural, inevitable response of a person to a grievous sacred moment in life” (xx) and then spends the remainder of this book unpacking that definition.  This definition posits fasting as responsive instead of instrumental.  That is, fasting is a response to a “sacred moment,” be it conviction over sin, a recognition of God’s holiness, heartbrokenness over the suffering of the world, etc.  And it is an inevitable response:  it happens when we realize that we simply cannot eat, that eating in such a situation would be almost blasphemous.

McKnight hits the instrumental view of fasting (i.e., fasting in order to see this or that result) squarely between the eyes time and time again.  He is right to do so!  He convincingly shows that fasting for results misses the biblical impulse for the act and makes us into selfish consumers.  We do not fast for this or that, we fast for God.

Now, in this context there is an appropriate way to look at results, but the results ought not be what drives the fast.  To be sure, in doing this McKnight is striking out against consumer religion and pragmatic religion, two scourges of modern evangelicalism.

The book is well-written and well-organized around the various kinds of fasting.  He makes a convincing case for the reimplementation of calendar fasting along the lines of the early Christians’ compelling example.  He draws from various sources within Christendom to illustrate where fasting has been approached correctly and where it has been approached incorrectly.

The book is marked by pastoral concern and a strident balance.  This is especially clear in the final chapter where McKnight deals with the question of fasting and health.  I was, frankly, a bit surprised at the skeptical approach he employed towards the alleged health benefits of fasting.  He seems to be reacting to the kind of faddish fasting industry that views it as a cure-all for various physical maladies.  In this he is no doubt right.  He passes on the advice of his own medical team that the health benefits of fasting are minimal.  On the contrary, fasting presents various physical challenges and needs to be approached very carefully.  McKnight’s cautions are well-grounded (and he is no doubt aware of the penchant for faddish extremism among evangelicals, particularly), but I do wonder if he has not perhaps overplayed his hand a bit here?  At the very least, the tenor of this chapter differs markedly from other things I have read about the health benefits of fasting.  But, then, what do I know about the science of the body?  (Answer = very little!)

Regardless, McKnight is dead on in his assertion that we do not fast for health benefits or for any other results that may or may not come (he uses the wardrobe in The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe as a great illustration at this point).  We fast for God.

R.C. Sproul’s The Holiness of God

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This coming Thursday through Sunday, my brother David and I will be attending the 2009 Ligonier conference in Orlando, FL, on “The Holiness of God.”  In preparation for this conference, I just finished reading R.C. Sproul’s The Holiness of God.  I’m ashamed to admit that I have never read this great work before.

I’ve read and listened to Sproul before, and I’ve long been aware of the status of this book as a “modern classic,” but until now I’ve never been able to speak personally about this book.

I sincerely regret my delay in reading this.  It is, in a word, tremendous.  Sproul looks at God’s holiness in a compelling and easy-to-read way that leaves the reader awestruck at the greatness of our God and the wonder of His holiness.

His opening chapter on how God called him into His presence out of a deep sleep was powerful and set the right tone for this book.  His discussion of how creation declares God’s power and holiness was really well done and I daresay it will challenge most readers (as it did me) to think rightly about the grand wonder of creation.

His handling of the “hard sayings” of the Old Testament was well done, but I daresay it remains insufficient to answer the critics’ questions.  Of course, one of the points of Sproul’s argument is that, like Job, our questions mask our own pride and God’s answer is, in the end, His own being.

I thought the sections on Luther and Edwards were particularly good, especially the latter.  His discussion of imputed righteousness was helpful and his illustrations were quite useful, I thought.

All in all, a wonderful discussion of God’s holiness in an accessible format that is well deserving of the admittedly much overused “modern classic” label.

Carl F.H. Henry’s Has Democracy Had Its Day?

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It’s impossible to read the late Carl Henry without receiving at least some benefit.  To be sure, Richard Land overreaches in the Introduction when he observes that “Carl F.H. Henry is undeniably the twentieth century’s greatest evangelical theologian, and arguably its most important theologian of any perspective” (iii), but Henry was, no doubt, a great theologian, and a great mind, and his works will remain important for a very long time.

In Has Democracy Had Its Day? (published by the Ethics and Religious Liberty Commission of the SBC in 1996), Henry explores the titular question with characteristic precision and insight.  Written almost 13 years ago, there are aspects of the work that are a bit dated, but the question is no less pressing for our day than for the day that saw its original publication and Henry’s thoughts on the matter are still more than worthy of serious consideration.

In this work, Henry deplores the threat to democracy that had come about by the ascendency of a “secular humanism” and “naturalistic relativism” (62) that had detached democracy from its transcendent underpinnings, had called into question the very existence of truth itself, and had come to deplore the Judeo-Christian heritage that has played such a crucial role in our nation’s life from its inception.  He is not unaware that “Christianity stipulates no one permanent form of government in the name of divine revelation” (3), yet he pursuasively argues that “the biblical emphasis on human depravity and the consequent temptation to divert political power to inordinate ends argues for limited government as least oppressive.  A democratic political context apppears the most promising framework for fulfilling the public duties incumbent on human beings.  A democratically chosen and constitutionally limited government seems to be the political structure most compatible with the Christian insistence on human worth and liberty and most likely to accommodate the promotion and protection of human freedoms, justice, and peace” (6).

Yet, Henry argues, democracy is in peril.  His diagnosis is compelling:  “A generation that elevates the essentiality of human rights to intellectual priority yet simultaneously contends that all philosophical affirmations are culture-conditioned sooner or later will engulf those very rights in moral relativism” (9).  Henry saw this happening in his own day, and, of course, the intervening 13 years have done nothing but solidify the prophetic truthfulness of his contention.  Furthermore, Henry’s observation that “were [the United States] to vanish suddenly from the globe, the remnants of the Free World would be plunged into grief and mourning” (54) remains a great truth, if less self-evidently so in light of the media’s constant funneling of anti-American sentiments into our homes and, to be sure, the presence of some very real anti-American sentiment in some parts of the world today.

One of Henry’s repeated themes is that Christianity’s despisers nonetheless must use the fruits of Christianity to rail against it.  “Even the nonreligious feed on the very creeds they have rejected” (21).  And even more poignantly, “Those who assail democracy from radical perspectives themselves avoid despair only by munching on facets of faith anchored in beliefs they now demean as outworn” (45).

Henry continues the theme he laid out in his tremendous The Uneasy Conscience of Modern Fundamentalismby calling on conservative believers to be involved in social engagement and not to retreat into their sanctuaries.  This is true enough, but I will state again as I have stated elsewhere on this blog that our prophetic witness to the power of Christ will accomplish more than political activism ever could even though Christians should be involved in political activism.  It is a matter of priority and perspective.  I think Henry would agree.

Interestingly, Henry calls in this work for co-belligerency between Protestants and Catholics and, indeed, between believers and non-believers where they are able to stand together against certain common threats.  While there are corners of the church that believe co-belligerency to be a sellout, I do not think so.  Again, it’s all a matter of perspective.  What are we trying to accomplish?  It would be absurd and blasphemous to check our Christian convictions at the door for political expediency, and, on the gospel itself, there can be no compromise, no matter how noble the social cause.  This must never happen.  But if I can maintain my Christian witness while standing beside whomever in the fight against, say, abortion, then fine and good.  Yet the witness must remain and the gospel must not be compromised.

Finally, Henry was good at turning a phrase.  Some of the more memorable quotes from this little book include:

“If we are going to abandon democracy, we had better be sure of the alternative we are welcoming.” (viii)

“Jesus did not, to be sure, say to the disciples: ‘Go ye into all the world and teach democracy, capitalism, and privatization of business.’  He did not name a political apostolate.  He gave priority to a gospel that sutains freedom, justice, and grace.” (4)

“Only two alternatives lie before a democracy:  either self-restraint and self-discipline, or chaos and authoritarian repression.” (10)

“In an age when accepted standards of right and wrong are scorned, when absolutes are demeaned as a return to the superseded past, when doubt threatens to evaporate great national beliefs and political principles and weakens inherited guidelines, when new conceptions degrade the minds and corrupt the lives of the newly emerging generations, those who refuse to abandon history to the forces of decadence must speak out.” (23)

And, finally:

“No government can perpetually survive on red ink, but without ethical imperatives it is unworthy of survival.” (49)

Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s Sanctorum Communio: A Theological Study of the Sociology of the Church

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Try as I might, I simply cannot believe that a young man in his twenties could write such a mind-boggling, thought-provoking, and insightful masterpiece as Sanctorum Communio.  I feel that I will never think of “church” in quite the same way again.  In fact, I feel like I’ve just been given a view of a mountain that I know I must go back and climb again, but the overall sensation of its height is so startling that I’m not quite sure how to begin.  (Maybe, in a weird way, a kind of awed despair is the mark of all truly great books?)  They say that Barth’s commentary on Romans fell on the playground of the liberal theologians like an atom bomb.  Well, Sanctorum Communio has fallen into the playground of this Baptist pastor in just the same way.

Originally published in 1930, three years after it initially appeared as Bonhoeffer’s doctoral dissertation (and 15 years before Bonhoeffer would be put to death), Sanctorum Communio: A Theological Study of the Sociology of the Church represents a staggering achievement.  Karl Barth would later say of this work, “I openly confess that I have misgivings whether I can even maintain the high level reached by Bonhoeffer, saying no less in my own words and context, and saying it no less forcefully, than did this young man so many years ago” (2).  He would also call this book “a miracle.”

It is steeped in sociological categories that many readers might find offputting.  I do not claim to have followed some of the more technical aspects of the social philosophy sections, but struggling through these parts is reward enough in and of itself to warrant the effort.  Even so, I daresay that the work is accessible enough to anybody who cares deeply about the church.  I found it to be so anyway.  (In a strange way this book reminds of Moby Dick.  I had to sludge through some of the sailing history and terminology that was, frankly, foreign to me.  But the story, and, on hindsight, the foundation that the denser parts of that book lend to the story, was overwhelming.)

I had certain disagreements with Bonhoeffer’s ecclesiology.  His approach to church discipline is, in my opinion, hopelessly muddled and amazingly oversimplified.  But I do recall seeing a more biblical handling of it in his Finkenwalde guide, Life Together, so I want to reserve passing too harsh a judgment on him in this regard.  Furthermore, I (obviously) have reservations about his handling of infant baptism.  I thought it was pretty par-for-the-course as far as such arguments go.  There was nothing terribly new about it.  But, in truth, I remain, to date, firmly unconvinced, though a bit more appreciative than I would have been ten years ago.

Bonhoeffer begins by describing the fundamental sociality of existence.  He does this by showing the necessity for one person to acknowledge the other as a genuine person.  Only when this happens can we speak of the “individual” existing:

“When the concrete ethical barrier of the other person is acknowledged or, alternatively, when the person is compelled to acknowledge it, we have made a fundamental step that allows us to grasp the social ontic ethical basic-relations of persons…Thus, the individual exists only in relation to an ‘other’; individual does not mean solitary.  On the contrary, for the individual to exist, ‘others’ must necessarily be there” (50-51).

But this understanding of “I” and “You” (which Bonhoeffer calls “the social basic category…the I-You-relation) is itself a work of God.

“God or the Holy Spirit joins the concrete You; only through God’s active working does the other become a You to me from whom my I arises.  In other words, every human You is an image of the divine You” (54-55)

What strikes me about Bonhoeffer’s argument is how it aims a blow directly at the fragmented, isolationist understanding of the person that has overwhelmed not only our basic relational assumptions but also, in evangelicalism, our ecclesiology.  We have become a people of the lone individual, or so we like to think.  But relationality is fundamentally necessary and also God-enabled.  In a footnote, Bonhoeffer praises his doctoral supervisor (or whatever he was called at the time), Dr. Reinhold Seeberg, for presenting “the idea of sociality as an inherent component of original human nature.  He thereby brought back into theology an important doctrine without which the ideas of original sin and especially the church could not be fully understood” (64).

I do not know about the truthfulness of this statement from a historical-theological perspective (whether or not it was Seeberg who brought this understanding back), but I do believe that the sentiment is true.  In fact, I believe that our rejection of this sentiment (whether explicitly or implicitly) has led to the weakening of the church in profound and tragic ways.

Bonhoeffer goes even further in this direction:

“It is our view that there would be no self-consciousness without community – or better, that self-consciousness arises concurrently with the consciousness of existing in community.  Second, we assert that will is by its nature oriented toward other wills” (70).

Yes, but does this destroy the reality of the individual?  To be sure, we are individuals-run-amuck, but can we not speak of “the individual”?  Bonhoeffer’s answer is telling and, I believe, quite profound:

“The universal person of God does not think of people as isolated individual beings, but in a natural state of communication with other human beings.  Furthermore, in relations with others, I do not merely satisfy one side of my structurally closed being as spirit; rather, only here do I discover my reality, i.e., my I-ness.  God created man and woman directed to one another.  God does not desire a history of individual human beings, but the history of the human community.  However, God does not want a community that absorbs the individual into itself, but a community of human beings.  In God’s eyes, community and individual exist in the same moment and rest in one another.  The collective unit and the individual unit have the same structure in God’s eyes.  On these basic-relations rest the concepts of the religious community and the church” (80).

Bonhoeffer also points to the potential benefits of conflict in communities:  “Genuine life arises only in the conflict of wills; strength unfolds only in strife.  This is an old insight” (85).  This is a welcome word for those who wrongly think that all conflict is inherently bad or injurious to the body of Christ.

He then moves to the issue of sin and human culpability.  He argues for an individual and corporate understanding of sin, whereby, in a very real sense, my sins represent the sins of the whole world.  This opens up the very real possibility for corporate repentance.

When Bonhoeffer moves into a more specific discussion of the church, he sees these sociological realities as reaching their apex in the body of Christ:  “There is in fact only one religion in which the idea of community is an integral element of its nature, and that is Christianity” (130-131).  Furthermore, Christ is present in the church:  “The church is the presence of Christ in the same way that Christ is the presence of God” (138).  And He is poignantly present because of “the paradoxical reality of a community-of-the-cross, which contains within itself the contradiction of simultaneously representing utmost solitude and closest community.  And this is the specifically Christian church-community” (151).

Here is one of the great strengths of Sanctorum Communio:  it’s argument that the church is an inherently necessary definitional reality.  How badly do Southern Baptists, among others, need to return to this kind of understanding of the church?  The church is not a voluntary association of separated, isolated, “saved” individuals.  The church is the necessary definition and identity of the community of the cross which is comprised of all of those who are in Christ.

Bonhoeffer goes on to some very helpful discussions of forgiveness of sin, the Lord’s Supper, the need for confession, and the interchange of wills within the body of Christ.  I found all of this illuminating, even when I disagreed.

I’ve only scratched the surface of the book in this review, but I do hope it has given a picture of the kind of thinking and wisdom you’ll find in Sanctorum Communio.  This book is a masterpiece and a treasure.  Every pastor should read this and drink long and deep from this well.

Jim Elliff’s Revival and the Unregenerate Church Member

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Here is a nice surprise: a thought-provoking little booklet on regenerate church membership that I recently spied on my bookshelf even though I do not remember getting this and haven’t a clue where it came from!  I was finally able to read this and I found it to be reasonable and convincing.  Written by Jim Elliff, President of Christian Communicators Worldwide, Revival and the Unregenerate Church Member is especially timely given the passage of Resolution #6 at the Southern Baptist Convention annual gathering in Indianapolis in 2008 and the wider discussions going on in the Convention concerning regenerate church membership.

I do not concur with all of Elliff’s arguments.  I do not, for instance, believe that the invitation system isnecessarily harmful, though, in truth, he appears to stop shorting of saying this (though a perusal of some of the other material on his site suggests that he does appear to hold invitations to be harmful) and though I do agree that the invitation system has certain dangers if not handled in the appropriate way.  This is, however, (in my opinion, but probably not Elliff’s) tangential to the greater issue:  that local churches which do not exercise appropriate oversight of the congregation, that allow the structures of accountability to disappear beneath the siren song of pragmatism and consumeristic models of church growth, that do not preach on the biblical ideal of a regenerate church membership are inevitably shooting themselves in the foot and are, indeed, harming their own ministry efforts and gospel effectiveness.

I have never been so convinced of the need for a return to regenerate church membership as I am right now.  While I suspect that Elliff goes a bit further than I would be comfortable going in certain areas that I would class as “adiaphora” (having an invitation), I wholeheartedly agree with the central focus of this little work.

Al Mohler’s Desire and Deceit: The Real Cost of the New Sexual Tolerance

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R. Albert Mohler, Jr., is President of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary and is an astute cultural observer and commentator.  I approached his earlier book, Culture Shift(reviewed here), a bit reluctantly (I’m generally weary of a lot of culture war material), but was so impressed by the keen insights I found there that I decided to read his Desire and Deceit: The Real Cost of the New Sexual Tolerance.  I’m glad I did.

Desire and Deceit is a concise, well-organized diagnosis of the sexual wasteland that modern culture finds itself in as well as a powerful proposal for the church to counteract this madness through radical fidelity to God’s ideal of sexual love within the covenant marriage bond.  Mohler addresses pornography, homosexuality, and some of the key figures that have sought and are seeking to redefine basic sexual mores in our times.

I found his chapter on Kinsey to be absolutely unsettling.  Furthermore, his discussion of the homosexual movement’s cultural, political, and theological agenda is well-documented, convincing, and reflects deep and seasoned Christian cultural analysis at its finest.  Mohler somehow manages to avoid the typical hysterical tone that many a red-faced Christian culture warrior puts forth while at the same time writing with passion and genuine concern.

Mohler is reminiscent of early Schaeffer here, or of modern Guinness, and he has done the church a valuable service.  In truth, I needed this book.  In a sense, it is difficult to live in our society, with its constant barrage of secularism and sexual anarchy, and not grow fatigued by the sheer immensity of the anti-Christian forces in our culture.  This fatigue, in turn, leads not so much to disinterest as a sense of resignation with the way things are.  Mohler has cut through the fog here and reminded all of us of what exactly is at stake.  Most importantly, he transcends shrill platitudes and calls, correctly, for the church to lovingly but clearly disarm and win over Christianity’s cultural despisers by showing them in our own lives and homes the beauty and majesty of biblical relationships and covenant marital fidelity.

Jonathan Edwards’ The Resolutions and Advice to Young Converts

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This little booklet has a measure of sentimental value for me.  I bought it a few years ago from the bookstore at “Spurgeon’s Church” in London when Roni and I were over there for a DMin. seminar.  I’ve read selections of these, but have only just now read them all.  I regret waiting so long.

Written in 1722 and 1723, Jonathan Edwards’ Resolutions are as timely today as they were when first written.  This 2001 P&R publication is a handsome and well-organized little volume that respectfully preserves this gem of Christian devotional work.  When he wrote these, Edwards was just beginning his pastoral work.  The resolutions reflect a deep and genuine concern over honoring Christ  with and through his life.  Edwards makes resolutions concerning his use of time, how he eats and drinks, his approach to theology and ministry, and the use of his tongue.  He more than once uses the certainty of death as a motivating factor in his life.

I cherish these resolutions and intend to return to them again and again.  If you, like me, need a good dose of perspective from time to time, you could do much worse than turning to Edwards’ resolutions for help.

Genesis

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2008

Genesis 1:1 (Preached on August 17, 2008, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 1:2-4 (Preached on August 24, 2008, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 1:5-25 (Preached on August 31, 2008, at Fist Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 1:26-28 (Preached on September 1, 2013, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 1:26-31 (Preached on September 7, 2008, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 2:1-3 (Preached on September 14, 2008, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 2:8-9;15-17 (Preached on September 21, 2008, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 3:1-7 (Preached on September 28, 2008, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 3:8-9 (Preached on October 5, 2008, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 3:15 (Preached on October 19, 2008, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 4:1-12 (Preached on October 26, 2008, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 4:13-26 (Preached on November 2, 2008, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 6:1-8 (Preached on November 9, 2008, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 6:9-22 (Preached on November 16, 2008, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 7:11-24 (Preached on November 23, 2008, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 9:18-29 (Preached on November 30, 2008, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 10 (Preached on December 7, 2008, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 11:1-9 (Preached on December 28, 2008, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

2009

Genesis 11:10-32 (Preached on January 4, 2009, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 12:1-9 (Preached on January 11, 2009, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 12:10-20 (Preached on January 18, 2009, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 13 (Preached on January 25, 2009, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 14 (Preached on February 1, 2009, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 15:1-7 (Preached on February 15, 2009, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 15:8-21 (Preached on February 22, 2009, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 16:1-6 (Preached on February 29, 2009, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 16:7-16 (Preached on March 8, 2009, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 17:1-14 (Preached on March 15, 2009, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 17:15-27 (Preached on March 22, 2009, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 18:1-15 (Preached on March 29, 2009, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 18:16-21 (Preached on April 19, 2009, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 19 (Preached on April 26, 2009, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 20 (Preached on May 3, 2009, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 21:1-21 (Preached on May 10, 2009, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 21:22-34 (Preached on May 17, 2009, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 22 (Preached on May 24, 2009, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 23 (Preached on May 31, 2009, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 24 (Preached on June 7, 2009, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 25:1-18 (Preached on June 14, 2009, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 25:19-26 (Preached on June 28, 2009, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 25:27-34 (Preached on July 5, 2009, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 26 (Preached on October 18, 2009, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 27 (Preached on November 1, 2009, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 28 (Preached on November 8, 2009, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 29 (Preached on November 15, 2009, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 30 (Preached on November 22, 2009, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 31 (Preached on November 29, 2009, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 32:1-21 (Preached on December 27, 2009, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

2010

Genesis 32:22-32 (Preached on January 3, 2010, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 33 (Preached on January 10, 2010, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 34 (Preached on January 17, 2010, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 35:1-15 (Preached on January 24, 2010, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 35:16-29 (Preached on January 31, 2010, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 36 (Preached on February 7, 2010, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 37:1-11 (Preached on February 14, 2010, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 37:12-36 (Preached on February 21, 2010, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 38 (Preached on March 7, 2010, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 39 (Preached on March 14, 2010, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 40 (Preached on April 11, 2010, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 41:1-36 (Preached on April 18, 2010, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 41:37-57 (Preached on April 25, 2010, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 42 (Preached on May 2, 2010, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 43 (Preached on May 9, 2010, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 44 (Preached on May 16, 2010, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 45 (Preached on May 23, 2010, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 46 (Preached on May 30, 2010, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 48 (Preached on June 13, 2010, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 49 (Preached on June 20, 2010, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

Genesis 50 (Preached on June 27, 2010, at First Baptist Church, Dawson, GA)

2019

Genesis 1:1a-b (Preached on January 20, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 1:1 (Preached on January 27, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 1:2-3 (Preached on February 3, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 1:3-23 (Preached on February 10, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 1:24-31 (Preached on February 17, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 2:1-3 [**No audio available for this sermon**] (Preached on March 10, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 2:4-17 (Preached on March 17, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 2:18a-b (Preached on March 24, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 2:18-23 (Preached on March 31, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 2:21-25 (Preached on April 7, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 2:25-3:7 (Preached on April 28, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 3:7-13 (Preached on May 5, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 3:14-24 (Preached on May 19, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 4:1-7 (Preached on May 26, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 4:8-16 (Preached on June 2, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 4:17-5 (Preached on June 9, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 6:1-10 (Preached on June 16, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 6:9-22 (Preached on June 23, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 7 (Preached on June 30, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 8:1-20 [**No audio available for this sermon**] (Preached on July 7, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 8:20-9:17 (Preached on July 14, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 9:18-29 [**poor audio quality**] (Preached on July 28, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 10 (Preached on August 4, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 11:1-9 (Preached on August 11, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 11:10-12:9 (Preached on August 18, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 12:10-20 (Preached on September 1, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 13 (Preached on September 8, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 14 (Preached on October 20, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 15 (Preached on November 3, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 16 (Preached on November 10, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 17 (Preached on November 17, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 17:15-21, 18:1-15 (Preached on November 24, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 18:16-33 (Preached on December 1, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 19 (Preached on December 8, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 20 (Preached on December 29, 2019, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 21:1-21 (Preached on January 12, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 21:22-34 (Preached on January 19, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 22 (Preached on January 26, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 23 (Preached on February 2, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 24:1-28 (Preached on February 9, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 24:29-67 (Preached on February 23, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 25 (Preached on March 1, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 26:1-6 (Preached on May 10, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 26:6-11 (Preached on May 17, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 26:12-35 (Preached on May 24, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 27 (pt1) (Preached on May 31, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 27 (pt2) (Preached on June 7, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 28:1-9 (Preached on June 14, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 28:10-22 (Preached on June 21, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 29:1-18 (Preached on June 28, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 29:19-30:24 (Preached on July 5, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 30:25-31:55 (Preached on July 19, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 32:1-23 (Preached on July 26, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 32:13-32 (Preached on August 2, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 33 (Preached on August 9, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 34 (Preached on August 16, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 35:1-15 (Preached on August 23, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 35:16-36 (Preached on August 30, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 37 (Preached on September 6, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 38 (Preached on September 13, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 39 (Preached on September 20, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 40 (Preached on September 27, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 41:1-36 (Preached on October 4, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 41:37-57 (Preached on October 11, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 42 (Preached on October 18, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 43 (Preached on October 25, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 44-45:3 (Preached on November 1, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 45:4-28 (Preached on November 15, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 46 (Preached on November 22, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 47 (Preached on November 29, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 48 (Preached on December 6, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 49 (Preached on December 13, 2020, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Genesis 49:29-50 (Preached on January 10, 2021, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

 

Exodus

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2001

Exodus 3:1-6 (Preached on July 29, 2001, at Stonecrest Baptist Church in Woodstock, GA)

2013

Exodus 1 (Preached on March 3, 2013, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 2:1-10 (Preached on March 10, 2013, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 2:11-25 (Preached on March 17, 2013, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 3:1-12 (Preached on March 24, 2013, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 3:13-24 (Preached on April 14, 2013, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 4:1-17 (Preached on April , 2013, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 4:18-31 (Preached on May 5, 2013, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 5 (Preached on May 19, 2013, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 6 (Preached on May 26, 2013, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 7:1-13 (Preached on June 2, 2013, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 7:14-25 (Preached on June 16, 2013, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 8:1-15 (Preached on June 30, 2013, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 8:16-32 (Preached on July 7, 2013, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 9 (Preached on July 14, 2013, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 10 (Preached on July 21, 2013, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 11 (Preached on July 28, 2013, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 12:1-28 (Preached on August 4, 2013, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 12:29-50 (Preached on August 11, 2013, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 13:1-16 (Preached on August 25, 2013, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

2015

Exodus 13:17-22 (Preached on April 19, 2015, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 14 (Preached on April 26, 2015, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 15:1-21 (Preached on May 17, 2015, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 15:22-27 (Preached on May 24, 2015, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 16 (Preached on May 31, 2015, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 17 (Preached on June 21, 2015, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 18 (Preached on July 5, 2015, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 19 (Preached on July 12, 2015, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 20:1-3 (Preached on July 19, 2015, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 20:4-6 (Preached on July 26, 2015, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 20:7 (Preached on July 26, 2015, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 20:8-11 (Preached on July 26, 2015, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 20:12 (Preached on August 16, 2015, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 20:13 (Preached on August 30, 2015, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 20:14 (Preached on September 6, 2015, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 20:15 (Preached on September 13, 2015, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 20:16 (Preached on September 20, 2015, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 20:17-21 (Preached on September 27, 2015, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 20:22-26 (Preached on October 11, 2015, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 21:1-11 (Preached on October 25, 2015, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 21:12-36 (Preached on November 8, 2015, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 22:1-15 (Preached on November 22, 2015, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

2016

Exodus 22:16-31 (Preached on August 31, 2016, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 23:1-9 (Preached on September 7, 2016, at Central Baptist Church, North Little  Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 23:10-19 (Preached on September 14, 2016, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 23:20-33 (Preached on September 21, 2016, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 24 (Preached on October 5, 2016, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 25 (Preached on October 19, 2016, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 26 (Preached on October 26, 2016, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 27 (Preached on November 2, 2016, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 28 (Preached on November 9, 2016, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 29 (Preached on November 16, 2016, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 30:1-10 (Preached on November 30, 2016, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 31:11-16 (Preached on December 7, 2016, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

2017

Exodus 30:17-21 (Preached on August 30, 2017, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 30:22-38 (Preached on September 6, 2017, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 31:1-11 (Preached on September 13, 2017, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 31:12-18 (Preached on September 20, 2017, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 32:1-10 (Preached on November 1, 2017, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 32:11-14 (Preached on November 29, 2017, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

2018

Exodus 32:15-35 (Preached on February 7, 2018, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 33:1-6 (Preached on February 14, 2018, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 33:7-11 (Preached on February 28, 2018, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 33:12-23 (Preached on March 7, 2018, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 34:1-8 [**No audio] (Preached on March 21, 2018, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 34:9-28 (Preached on April 4, 2018, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 34:29-35 (Preached on April 18, 2018, at Central Baptist church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 35:1-19 (Preached on April 25, 2018, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 35:20-35 (Preached on May 2, 2018, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 36:1-7 (Preached on May 9, 2018, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 36:8-39:43 (Preached on May 16, 2018, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]

Exodus 40 (Preached on May 27, 2018, at Central Baptist Church, North Little Rock, AR) [manuscript]