Matthew 22

³⁴ But when the Pharisees heard that he had silenced the Sadducees, they gathered together. ³⁵ And one of them, a lawyer, asked him a question to test him. ³⁶ “Teacher, which is the great commandment in the Law?” ³⁷ And he said to him, “You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind. ³⁸ This is the great and first commandment. ³⁹ And a second is like it: You shall love your neighbor as yourself. ⁴⁰ On these two commandments depend all the Law and the Prophets.”

Recently, I saw someone online pointing out how often Jesus asks questions, even when answering the questions of others. This point has been made more than once on Twitter, for instance. Here is one example: “Jesus asked questions in 75 of 89 gospel chapters. Embrace his approach to human interactions and ask more questions. Listen more, talk less.” It is an interesting point, though one does get the feeling in reading some of these comments and the comments they invite that some seem to think this does not mean Jesus ever really answered any question at all! For instance, it is debatable that the primary point of Jesus’ own questions was to “listen more, talk less.”

The fact of the matter is that (1) yes, Jesus often asked questions and even answered questions with questions (in order, I would add, to help the questioner journey toward a deeper truth than they were ostensibly searching for or to uncover some motive the questioner thought they had sufficiently hidden from Jesus) and (2) Jesus did, in fact, answer questions that were asked Him…even if His answers were in the form of questions!

Our text is a case in point. Here, Jesus is asked a question and He does not answer with a question. He simply answers it. But not simply, after all. For then He appears to over-answer it. And we see that Jesus is answering questions on a deeper level for the good and conviction of the questioner. Once again, we see the challenge of trying to press Jesus into a corner.

Continue reading →

¹ “For behold, in those days and at that time, when I restore the fortunes of Judah and Jerusalem, ² I will gather all the nations and bring them down to the Valley of Jehoshaphat. And I will enter into judgment with them there, on behalf of my people and my heritage Israel, because they have scattered them among the nations and have divided up my land, ³ and have cast lots for my people, and have traded a boy for a prostitute, and have sold a girl for wine and have drunk it. ⁴ “What are you to me, O Tyre and Sidon, and all the regions of Philistia? Are you paying me back for something? If you are paying me back, I will return your payment on your own head swiftly and speedily. ⁵ For you have taken my silver and my gold, and have carried my rich treasures into your temples. ⁶ You have sold the people of Judah and Jerusalem to the Greeks in order to remove them far from their own border. ⁷ Behold, I will stir them up from the place to which you have sold them, and I will return your payment on your own head. ⁸ I will sell your sons and your daughters into the hand of the people of Judah, and they will sell them to the Sabeans, to a nation far away, for the Lord has spoken. ⁹ Proclaim this among the nations: Consecrate for war; stir up the mighty men. Let all the men of war draw near; let them come up. ¹⁰ Beat your plowshares into swords, and your pruning hooks into spears; let the weak say, “I am a warrior.” ¹¹ Hasten and come, all you surrounding nations, and gather yourselves there. Bring down your warriors, O Lord. ¹² Let the nations stir themselves up and come up to the Valley of Jehoshaphat; for there I will sit to judge all the surrounding nations. ¹³ Put in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe. Go in, tread, for the winepress is full. The vats overflow, for their evil is great. ¹⁴ Multitudes, multitudes, in the valley of decision! For the day of the Lord is near in the valley of decision. ¹⁵ The sun and the moon are darkened, and the stars withdraw their shining. ¹⁶ The Lord roars from Zion, and utters his voice from Jerusalem, and the heavens and the earth quake. But the Lord is a refuge to his people, a stronghold to the people of Israel. ¹⁷ “So you shall know that I am the Lord your God, who dwells in Zion, my holy mountain. And Jerusalem shall be holy, and strangers shall never again pass through it. ¹⁸ “And in that day the mountains shall drip sweet wine, and the hills shall flow with milk, and all the streambeds of Judah shall flow with water; and a fountain shall come forth from the house of the Lord and water the Valley of Shittim. ¹⁹ “Egypt shall become a desolation and Edom a desolate wilderness, for the violence done to the people of Judah, because they have shed innocent blood in their land. ²⁰ But Judah shall be inhabited forever, and Jerusalem to all generations. ²¹ I will avenge their blood, blood I have not avenged, for the Lord dwells in Zion.”

In 1963, Bob Dylan wrote his song “Seven Curses.” In the song, a young lady is trying to save her father’s life. He is scheduled to be hung for stealing a horse. The lecherous judge makes a deal with the young lady and promises to free her father. After she meets the judge’s demands she awakens the next morning to find that the judge did not free her father but, instead, after having used her, he commenced with the hanging. The girl, upon seeing her father’s broken body and realizing the wickedness of the judge, pronounces seven curses upon the judge. Here are the curses:

These be seven curses on a judge so cruel:
That one doctor will not save him
That two healers will not heal him
That three eyes will not see him
That four ears will not hear him
That five walls will not hide him
That six diggers will not bury him
And that seven deaths shall never kill him[1]

Bob Dylan was pretty adept at biblical imagery. He knew that seven was the number of completion. The point, then, is that the girl pronounces devastating, exhaustive, and complete judgment upon the judge for his wickedness and cruelty. He is cursed seven times. That is, he is cursed in totality.

This comes to mind when reading the first verses of Joel 3, which are verses describing the Lord’s judgment upon the wicked nations. But then these terrifying words of judgment for the world give way to words of mercy for God’s people. It is a fascinating way for Joel to end his book, and it is a message we desperately need to hear: devastating judgment is coming…but also lavish mercy.

Continue reading →

²⁸ “And it shall come to pass afterward, that I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh; your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, and your young men shall see visions. ²⁹ Even on the male and female servants in those days I will pour out my Spirit. ³⁰ “And I will show wonders in the heavens and on the earth, blood and fire and columns of smoke. ³¹ The sun shall be turned to darkness, and the moon to blood, before the great and awesome day of the Lord comes. ³² And it shall come to pass that everyone who calls on the name of the Lord shall be saved. For in Mount Zion and in Jerusalem there shall be those who escape, as the Lord has said, and among the survivors shall be those whom the Lord calls.

What if I told you that the first portion of scripture to be quoted in the first ever sermon after the resurrection and ascension of Jesus was our text here at the end of Joel 2? And what if I told you that, in part, the end of Joel 2 was quoted in the first post-resurrection/ascension sermon to prove that the disciples were not drunk? And what if I told you that when Peter needed to describe what it meant that the Holy Spirit had come upon the church, he turned to the end of Joel 2 to do it? And what if I told you that God used Peter’s sermon and this passage from Joel 2 to bring “about 3,000 people” into the Kingdom (Acts 2:41)?

In Acts 2, the Spirit of the living God falls upon the gathered church the people heard these early disciples speaking in their own tongues Then the critics accused them of being drunk. So Peter responded.

¹⁴ But Peter, standing with the eleven, lifted up his voice and addressed them: “Men of Judea and all who dwell in Jerusalem, let this be known to you, and give ear to my words. ¹⁵ For these people are not drunk, as you suppose, since it is only the third hour of the day. ¹⁶ But this is what was uttered through the prophet Joel: ¹⁷ “‘And in the last days it shall be, God declares, that I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh, and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, and your young men shall see visions, and your old men shall dream dreams; ¹⁸ even on my male servants and female servants in those days I will pour out my Spirit, and they shall prophesy. ¹⁹ And I will show wonders in the heavens above and signs on the earth below, blood, and fire, and vapor of smoke; ²⁰ the sun shall be turned to darkness and the moon to blood, before the day of the Lord comes, the great and magnificent day. ²¹ And it shall come to pass that everyone who calls upon the name of the Lord shall be saved.’ ²² “Men of Israel, hear these words: Jesus of Nazareth, a man attested to you by God with mighty works and wonders and signs that God did through him in your midst, as you yourselves know— ²³ this Jesus, delivered up according to the definite plan and foreknowledge of God, you crucified and killed by the hands of lawless men. ²⁴ God raised him up, loosing the pangs of death, because it was not possible for him to be held by it.

That Peter quotes Joel 2 in the first post-resurrection/ascension sermon should give us pause then compel us to a very careful consideration of this amazing passage. What is happening at the end of Joel 2? When we turn to it we find a synopsis of the day of the Lord in three movements: the pouring out of the Spirit, the coming of judgment, and the completion of salvation.

Continue reading →

¹⁸ Then the Lord became jealous for his land and had pity on his people. ¹⁹ The Lord answered and said to his people, “Behold, I am sending to you grain, wine, and oil, and you will be satisfied; and I will no more make you a reproach among the nations. ²⁰ “I will remove the northerner far from you, and drive him into a parched and desolate land, his vanguard into the eastern sea, and his rear guard into the western sea; the stench and foul smell of him will rise, for he has done great things. ²¹ “Fear not, O land; be glad and rejoice, for the Lord has done great things! ²² Fear not, you beasts of the field, for the pastures of the wilderness are green; the tree bears its fruit; the fig tree and vine give their full yield. ²³ “Be glad, O children of Zion, and rejoice in the Lord your God, for he has given the early rain for your vindication; he has poured down for you abundant rain, the early and the latter rain, as before. ²⁴ “The threshing floors shall be full of grain; the vats shall overflow with wine and oil. ²⁵ I will restore to you the years that the swarming locust has eaten, the hopper, the destroyer, and the cutter, my great army, which I sent among you. ²⁶ “You shall eat in plenty and be satisfied, and praise the name of the Lord your God, who has dealt wondrously with you. And my people shall never again be put to shame. ²⁷ You shall know that I am in the midst of Israel, and that I am the Lord your God and there is none else. And my people shall never again be put to shame.

People either loved, hated, or were simply confused by the ending of the Coen brothers’ film, “No Country for Old Men.” The movie was based on Cormac McCarthy’s novel by the same name. The film concludes with recently-retired and world-weary sheriff Ed Tom Bell, sitting at the kitchen table and recounting two strange dreams he had to his wife. You must understand that Ed Tom retires after being unable to save the life of a local man, Llewlyn Moss, who came upon a large stash of drug money and who was being hunted by the ruthless killer Anton Chigurh. Sheriff Ed Tom could neither save Moss nor catch Chigurh. The Sheriff is tired. He is broken. He does not understand the world and how it has become so dark. There is no country for old men like him. Importantly, he tells his cousin earlier in the film that he always thought when he got older that God would come into his life, but God had not come, Ed Tom says.

So we find him seated in his kitchen at the movie’s end. He is telling his wife about his dreams. Both dreams, he tells her, were about him and his deceased father. Here are his words:

I dont remember the first one all that well but it was about meetin him in town somewheres and he give me some money and I think I lost it. But the second one it was like we was both back in older times and I was on horseback goin through the mountains of a night. Goin through this pass in the mountains. It was cold and there was snow on the ground and he rode past me and kept on goin. Never said nothin. He just rode on past and he had this blanket wrapped around him and he had his head down and when he rode past I seen he was carryin fire in a horn the way people used to do and I could see the horn from the light inside of it, about the color of the moon. And in the dream I knew that he was goin on ahead and that he was fixin to make a fire somewhere out there in all that dark and all that cold and I knew that whenever I got there he would be there. And then I woke up.

Then, after a quick shot of his wife’s face and back to his own, the movie abruptly cuts to black.

The end.

As I said, people either love, hate, or are confused by this abrupt enigmatic ending.

Put me in the first camp. I love that ending. Why? Because, to me, it is a statement of hope.

In this dark world of pain and judgment and loss and sadness and wickedness and judgment, there is the smallest glimmer of light—the fire in the horn—and the light has gone on before us “somewhere out there in all that dark and all that cold” and we can know “that whenever we get there” it will be there.

It is a profoundly biblical image. “The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness has not overcome it” (John 1:5).

Joel 1 and the first half of Joel 2 depict the darkness of loss and of judgment. But our text, beginning in Joel 2:18, depicts light and restoration. Finally in the cold and dark we come upon the light! Here, we see the Lord answer the cries and prayers of His people and turn to respond. And this response gives us great hope! These words are light in the darkness, and they point to the coming of the light of the world, Jesus.

Is this a picture of future restoration or of present restoration for the believer? I believe we should say, “Yes!” to this question. Yes, this is a picture of ultimate restoration and healing that will come in the aftermath of the day of the Lord for His people. But, as George Eldon Ladd famously taught us, the Kingdom of God is “already/not yet.” That is, the future coming of the Kingdom of God can be seen even now. Jesus ushered in the beginning of the end. So this enables us to read a passage like this not only in light of the hope of ultimate restoration, but also in the light of restoration even now on this side of heaven.

What do the mercies of God look like when He turns to heal and bless His suffering people?

Continue reading →

Matthew 22

²³ The same day Sadducees came to him, who say that there is no resurrection, and they asked him a question, ²⁴ saying, “Teacher, Moses said, ‘If a man dies having no children, his brother must marry the widow and raise up offspring for his brother.’ ²⁵ Now there were seven brothers among us. The first married and died, and having no offspring left his wife to his brother. ²⁶ So too the second and third, down to the seventh. ²⁷ After them all, the woman died. ²⁸ In the resurrection, therefore, of the seven, whose wife will she be? For they all had her.” ²⁹ But Jesus answered them, “You are wrong, because you know neither the Scriptures nor the power of God. ³⁰ For in the resurrection they neither marry nor are given in marriage, but are like angels in heaven. ³¹ And as for the resurrection of the dead, have you not read what was said to you by God: ³² ‘I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’? He is not God of the dead, but of the living.” ³³ And when the crowd heard it, they were astonished at his teaching.

N.T Wright has shared a wonderfully absurd story from his younger days that powerfully illustrates what is happening in our text. He writes:

I once sat on a college committee where two older members had a regular tactic for stopping any change that might have been proposed. When one of the younger members (myself, for instance) proposed doing something that would really benefit the whole community (well, I would say that, wouldn’t I), one of these two could be relied upon to come up with a ridiculous story of what might conceivably happen if we did such a thing.

       On one occasion, for instance, someone had proposed that by the entrance to the college there should be a system of mailboxes so that every member of the college could collect his or her mail easily from the right box, rather than having, as we then did, a small number of boxes with a large number of letters stuffed into each. Many other colleges had sensible systems; why couldn’t we?

       Straight away one of the blockers went into action. “Ah, but,” he said, “supposing you put in these new mailboxes, they’ll probably have to go right down to floor level. Then supposing somebody comes by with a dog. And supposing the dog decides to lift its hind leg right beside the mailboxes. You wouldn’t like that to happen to your mail, would you?” The picture was so silly it was actually funny; but by the time everyone had laughed, the nonsensical story had had its effect. Half the room had come to believe, without any actual argument, that there were serious problems about the proposal.

And what does this have to do with our text? Wright explains:

We know from several sources that the Sadducees—the let’s-keep-things-as-they-are party within the Judaism of Jesus’ day—were good at telling silly stories to make the idea of resurrection look stupid and unbelievable. The story they told here is a typical folktale, with the seven brothers like the seven dwarfs in the Snow White story, or the heroes in the The Magnificent Seven. Its purpose is simply to set out a highly unlikely situation to force the issue.[1]

So the Sadducees were obfuscating, creating a fog, under the guise of theological and biblical seriousness. In reality, however, they were indulging in something called reductio ad absurdum, or reducing something to the absurd as a rhetorical tactic against resurrection. But Jesus cannot be rebuffed by the fog or the absurd. He sees right through it and His arrow hits the mark.

Continue reading →

¹ Blow a trumpet in Zion; sound an alarm on my holy mountain! Let all the inhabitants of the land tremble, for the day of the Lord is coming; it is near, ² a day of darkness and gloom, a day of clouds and thick darkness! Like blackness there is spread upon the mountains a great and powerful people; their like has never been before, nor will be again after them through the years of all generations. ³ Fire devours before them, and behind them a flame burns. The land is like the garden of Eden before them, but behind them a desolate wilderness, and nothing escapes them. ⁴ Their appearance is like the appearance of horses, and like war horses they run. ⁵ As with the rumbling of chariots, they leap on the tops of the mountains, like the crackling of a flame of fire devouring the stubble, like a powerful army drawn up for battle. ⁶ Before them peoples are in anguish; all faces grow pale. ⁷ Like warriors they charge; like soldiers they scale the wall. They march each on his way; they do not swerve from their paths. ⁸ They do not jostle one another; each marches in his path; they burst through the weapons and are not halted. ⁹ They leap upon the city, they run upon the walls, they climb up into the houses, they enter through the windows like a thief. ¹⁰ The earth quakes before them; the heavens tremble. The sun and the moon are darkened, and the stars withdraw their shining. ¹¹ The Lord utters his voice before his army, for his camp is exceedingly great; he who executes his word is powerful. For the day of the Lord is great and very awesome; who can endure it? ¹² “Yet even now,” declares the Lord, “return to me with all your heart, with fasting, with weeping, and with mourning; ¹³ and rend your hearts and not your garments.” Return to the Lord your God, for he is gracious and merciful, slow to anger, and abounding in steadfast love; and he relents over disaster. ¹⁴ Who knows whether he will not turn and relent, and leave a blessing behind him, a grain offering and a drink offering for the Lord your God? ¹⁵ Blow the trumpet in Zion; consecrate a fast; call a solemn assembly; ¹⁶ gather the people. Consecrate the congregation; assemble the elders; gather the children, even nursing infants. Let the bridegroom leave his room, and the bride her chamber. ¹⁷ Between the vestibule and the altar let the priests, the ministers of the Lord, weep and say, “Spare your people, O Lord, and make not your heritage a reproach, a byword among the nations. Why should they say among the peoples, ‘Where is their God?’”

Every so often I read again Shel Silverstein’s wonderfully amusing poem, “Sarah Cynthia Sylvia Stout Would Not Take the Garbage Out.” Have you heard it?

Sarah Cynthia Sylvia Stout

Would not take the garbage out!

She’d scour the pots and scrape the pans,

Candy the yams and spice the hams,

And though her daddy would scream and shout,

She simply would not take the garbage out.

And so it piled up to the ceilings:

Coffee grounds, potato peelings

Brown bananas, rotten peas,

Chunks of sour cottage cheese.

It filled the can, it covered the floor,

It cracked the window and blocked the door

With bacon rinds and chicken bones,

Drippy ends of ice cream cones,

Prune pits, peach pits, orange peel,

Gloppy glumps of cold oatmeal,

Pizza crusts and withered greens,

Soggy beans and tangerines,

Crusts of black burned buttered toast,

Gristly bits of beefy roasts. . .

The garbage rolled on down the hall,

It raised the roof, it broke the wall. . .

Greasy napkins, cookie crumbs,

Globs of gooey bubble gum,

Cellophane from green baloney,

Rubbery blubbery macaroni,

Peanut butter, caked and dry,

Curdled milk and crusts of pie,

Moldy melons, dried-up mustard,

Eggshells mixed with lemon custard,

Cold French fries and rancid meat,

Yellow lumps of Cream of Wheat.

At last the garbage reached so high

That it finally touched the sky.

And all the neighbors moved away,

And none of her friends would come to play.

And finally Sarah Cynthia Stout said,

“OK, I’ll take the garbage out!”

But then, of course, it was too late. . .

The garbage reached across the state,

From New York to the Golden Gate.

And there, in the garbage she did hate,

Poor Sarah met an awful fate,

That I cannot now relate

Because the hour is much too late.

But children, remember Sarah Stout

And always take the garbage out!

Amusing, yes…and not amusing at all. In fact, the poem is fairly terrifying the more you think about it. It is, in fact, a prophecy and a warning: If you do not deal with your garbage your garbage will deal with you.

You are created in the image of God and are therefore called to live lives of holiness and joy that reflect the beauty of God. You are called to live life in relationship with God. But our sin is our garbage. It clutters are lives and we do not want to take it out. In fact, we love our sin until we learn to hate our sin. But sin, undealt with, brings pain and woe into our lives. Until we come to Jesus in faith and are saved, we inevitably meet the same fate as Sarah Cynthia Sylvia Stout: “The wages of sin is death…” (Romans 6:23).

Many years ago, a prophet named Joel warned Israel of this. He told them that the reason their house was falling apart was because they had not taken their garbage out, they had not turned to the Lord God in faith and repented of their sin. In some fascinating ways, Joel tells them the lesson of Sarah Cynthia Sylvia Stout: Our sin, our garbage, threatens to destroy us. But God is merciful, and He can save us from the mess and the consequences if we will come to Him. He can forgive us. He can restore us. And He will if we will come to Him.

Let us consider the nature of judgment and the nature or that repentance that leads to forgiveness and life.

Continue reading →

¹ The word of the Lord that came to Joel, the son of Pethuel: ² Hear this, you elders; give ear, all inhabitants of the land! Has such a thing happened in your days, or in the days of your fathers? ³ Tell your children of it, and let your children tell their children, and their children to another generation. ⁴ What the cutting locust left, the swarming locust has eaten. What the swarming locust left, the hopping locust has eaten, and what the hopping locust left, the destroying locust has eaten.⁵ Awake, you drunkards, and weep, and wail, all you drinkers of wine, because of the sweet wine, for it is cut off from your mouth. ⁶ For a nation has come up against my land, powerful and beyond number; its teeth are lions’ teeth, and it has the fangs of a lioness. ⁷ It has laid waste my vine and splintered my fig tree; it has stripped off their bark and thrown it down; their branches are made white. ⁸ Lament like a virgin wearing sackcloth for the bridegroom of her youth. ⁹ The grain offering and the drink offering are cut off from the house of the Lord. The priests mourn, the ministers of the Lord. ¹⁰ The fields are destroyed, the ground mourns, because the grain is destroyed, the wine dries up, the oil languishes. ¹¹ Be ashamed, O tillers of the soil; wail, O vinedressers, for the wheat and the barley, because the harvest of the field has perished. ¹² The vine dries up; the fig tree languishes. Pomegranate, palm, and apple, all the trees of the field are dried up, and gladness dries up from the children of man. ¹³ Put on sackcloth and lament, O priests; wail, O ministers of the altar. Go in, pass the night in sackcloth, O ministers of my God! Because grain offering and drink offering are withheld from the house of your God. ¹⁴ Consecrate a fast; call a solemn assembly. Gather the elders and all the inhabitants of the land to the house of the Lord your God, and cry out to the Lord. ¹⁵ Alas for the day! For the day of the Lord is near, and as destruction from the Almighty it comes.¹⁶ Is not the food cut off before our eyes, joy and gladness from the house of our God? ¹⁷ The seed shrivels under the clods; the storehouses are desolate; the granaries are torn down because the grain has dried up. ¹⁸ How the beasts groan! The herds of cattle are perplexed because there is no pasture for them; even the flocks of sheep suffer. ¹⁹ To you, O Lord, I call. For fire has devoured the pastures of the wilderness, and flame has burned all the trees of the field. ²⁰ Even the beasts of the field pant for you because the water brooks are dried up, and fire has devoured the pastures of the wilderness.

In his book, The Hidden Face of God, Michael Card reflects on the biblical idea of lament. He begins the book by speaking of Vincent Van Gogh and of the great artist’s troubled mind and troubled relationship with his own pain and grief. Van Gogh’s troubles are well known, but his last words might not be. His brother Theo wrote of his final moments in a letter to their sister. Van Gogh died in Ravoux Inn on July 27, 1890, two days after shooting himself in the chest. His brother was with him. His brother, Theo, reported that he had told Van Gogh that he could get better, that they could get him better, that he could move past his troubles. It was at this point that Van Gogh uttered his final words: “La tristesse durera toujours,” which translated means, “The sadness will last forever.”[1]

I wonder if you have ever felt like that?

I wonder if somehow the church has contributed to this feeling of despair?

Here is what I mean: why does it seem like the only options open to us in times of tragedy are these:

1. Pietistic stoicism: the suppression of our pain under the guise of religious platitudes.
2. Despair: Van Gogh’s “La tristesse durera toujours.”

There is another option, and one that is thoroughly biblical. I am talking about lament. What does it mean to lament? How should we define this? Mark Vroegop writes, “Lament is the honest cry of a hurting heart wrestling with the paradox of pain and the promise of God’s goodness.” And later, more concisely: “Lament is a prayer in pain that leads to trust.”[2]

In chapter 1, we see a picture of a devastating calamity: an invasion of locusts that destroy everything. And God calls Israel to lament and cry out to Him. I agree with Tchavdar S. Hadjiev’s argument that “lamentation caused by harvest failure” is “the major theme of this chapter.”[3]

This is a chapter for those who say, “La tristesse durera toujours,” “The sadness will last forever.”

Continue reading →

The British atheist philosopher of yesteryear, Bertrand Russell, wrote, “When I die, I shall rot.” Isaac Asimov wrote, “I don’t believe in an afterlife, so I don’t have to spend my whole life fearing hell, or fearing heaven even more. For whatever the tortures of hell, I think the boredom of heaven would be even worse.”[1]

Many agree with these sentiments. Jesus did not. In fact, the final line of the creed, “and the life everlasting,” is quite an accurate summary of what Jesus and the apostles taught, and this stands in direct contrast to Russell and Asimov. And this is a very important line—“and the life everlasting”—as Clarence Macartney has demonstrated:

In certain respects the great article of the Apostles’ Creed is the last: “I believe in … the resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting.” Without that article, the other great affirmations have no meaning. Suppose one were to say, “I believe in God the Father,” but not in life everlasting; or “I believe in the Holy Ghost,” but not in the life everlasting; or, “I believe in … the holy Catholic church, the communion of saints,” but not in the life everlasting. All those affirmations would be meaningless without the great chord struck in the final sentence of the Creed.[2]

Time and time again in the scriptures we find this truth: life goes on after the grave.

In John 10, Jesus gives a very helpful definition of “eternal life” (i.e., “life everlasting). He says:

²⁷ My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me. ²⁸ I give them eternal life, and they will never perish, and no one will snatch them out of my hand.

Verse 28 has three components, and those three will frame our consideration. They are:

• “I give the eternal life”: Our standing with Jesus determines our standing in eternity.
• “and they will never perish”: Heaven is a place of everlasting life.
• “and no one will snatch them out of my hand”: Our eternity will be spent in relationship with Jesus.

Continue reading →

I will never forget, as a kid, hearing Lewis Grizzard tell his story about Uncle Cleve and the wake. Here is Brenda Miles’ recollection of Grizzard’s story [I will change her “Uncle Clem” to “Uncle Cleve” since that is how Grizzard actually told it in his standup routine]:

            [Lewis Grizzard] knew of an Uncle Cleve, a hump-backed man, who lived in his community. When he died and was taken to the local funeral home for embalming, the funeral director could not position him properly in the casket because of the huge hump in his back. If he pushed down his upper parts, the knees came up. He pushed these down, the torso rose. Finally, the director’s son came up with a solution. He went down to the local hardware store and bought a leather strap. This was secured on the left of the casket, run underneath Uncle Cleve’s collar and clip-on tie to the right side of the casket. All was secure. Uncle Cleve was stable.

            After the body was returned home, three families came to “sit up” with the corpse—one a young nephew [Weyman C. Wannamaker Jr.] who lived in the house, only thirteen. He was terribly afraid of the dead, but his daddy told him it was time to learn the practice of “sitting up.”

            It turned out to be a stormy night. Around nine, one neighbor said his wife was terribly afraid of storms and, since the others were sitting up, he would go on home. At ten, another neighbor said, “The rain is pouring down harder and liable to get worse. I think I will go on home since the rest of you are sitting up.” And he left.

            The storm continued to rage and [Weyman C. Wannamaker Jr.’s] mother called for the father to come upstairs during a moment of lightning strikes and horrendous thunder. The father said, “Since you are sitting up, son, I’ll go up and calm down your mother.”

            Just before midnight, the storm reached its height. Tree limbs beat on the windows, lightning flashed every moment, thunder shook the house and even the lights went out! This left only the flickering candle at the head of Uncle Cleve’s casket. The young [Weyman C. Wannamaker Jr.] shook with fear as he tried to remain in his chair. Suddenly, however, a thunderclap with power unknown to mankind, shook the house and Uncle Cleve’s strap broke loose! He raised up in the casket just like he had good sense! Trembling in his boots, [Weyman C. Wannamaker Jr.] stood up and muttered, “Well, if you’re going to sit up, Uncle Cleve, I think I’ll go on up too!”

            And he hightailed it for the stairs.[1]

I never hear that story without laughing. The point? We do not quite know what to do with the dead sitting up! Yet, this idea—which the Bible calls resurrection—is at the very heart of our faith, and we must reclaim it in our day. In the Apostles’ Creed, we profess belief “in the resurrection of the body.”

The Christian doctrine, in short, is this: When the Lord returns, our bodies will be (a) resurrected and (b) transformed in ways that are largely beyond our understanding. It is astonishing how many Christians seem to forget this and seem to hold, instead, to a disembodied view of the afterlife. Hans Urs von Balthasar has written that “a bodiless soul is not a human being.”[2] Very true. But it is as human beings that we will be resurrected, and this includes our bodies.

Let us consider what the scriptures say about this.

Continue reading →

I am going to review and engage with Chris Greer’s book, 12 Rules for a Christian Life. This review will be bumped back up to the top of the page with each new installment. Chris and his family live in North Little Rock, Arkansas, and Chris is a member of Central Baptist Church. You can learn more about Chris, his projects, and his ministry here. I have come to have a deep appreciation for Chris and his approach to the Christian life. I am excited to journey through this book! Get a copy and come along!

Introduction

Greer begins by introducing us to his terms. By “rule” he does not mean arbitrary and scattered laws but, rather, disciplines. His use of the term is more akin to the monastic concept of “the rule” than the legal. It is interesting and refreshing to see the continued Protestant appropriation—in a healthy and good sense, I hasten to add!—of broadly monastic ideals. But Greer isn’t, it appears, engaged primarily with historical retrieval as much as biblical retrieval. His introduction positions this work tonally in line with evangelical spiritual formation literature (Willard, Foster, Whitney, et al.), but the conceptual foundation of it also aligns it with the argument of something like Greg Peter’s The Monkhood of All Believers: The Monastic Foundation of Christian Spirituality, and, before it, the new monastic movement. It will be interesting to see, as we go along, how Greer’s works substantiates or undercuts this initial impression. Even so, I certainly applaud Greer’s approach and look forward to diving in.

The first four rules, he tells us, are grounded in the first aspect of the greatest commandment: love of God. The next four in the second aspect: love of neighbor. The final four involve our relationship with ourselves. This is a helpful schema. It’s wholistic and and a clear approach to such a lofty goal.

I particularly liked this sentence: “The ideal human life is not a religiously observant one, it’s a relationally connected one” (7). I will remember that.

More to come!

Chapter 1—”Fight for Space”

This was a tremendous chapter. Greer begins the chapter talking about the hectic, crammed, “marginless” nature of modern life.

“There’s very little space.”

“We wear our business like a badge of honor.”

“What’s missing in our lives is space.”

Jesus is out ultimate model and He modeled a healthy approach to space. In discussing Jesus’ ministry, Greer finds a key: in the midst of His miracle-working frenzy, Jesus disappeared and did something life-giving for Himself: “He fought for space.” “The pressure was on,” writes Greer, “but the precedent was set: Jesus would fight for space.”

What does Greer mean by “space.” “By ‘space’ I mean purposeful time with the Creator…The space that is rule #1 for the Christian life is centered in relationship.” We need to make “a commitment to space.”

“The question is not, ‘Will God show up?’ The question is, ‘Will you and I show up?’ and ‘Do we have a good plan for doing so?'”

Helpfully, Greer has adapted Cal Newport’s four approaches to space from his book, Deep Work. Greer appropriates and renames these as:

Extended Space: long periods of silence

Sabbath Space: a full day of space / purposeful and uninterrupted / no less than 8 hours

Daily Space: the creation of a rhythm / quiet time with Jesus

Prompted Space: when life’s circumstances prompt you to create space / as-needed space

Greer then shows how Jesus demonstrated a commitment to each of these four kinds of space. He writes that “rhythm and space marked His ministry instead of panic and hurry.”

In the next section, “How You Can Fight for Space,” Greer offers some very helpful and very practical ideas:

• calendar it (even prayer!)
• get out of the house (a new space to carve out this habit / “Where can you go out to allow God to draw you in?”)
• Make repeat visits (routine / keep the same location, or “a handful of spots”)
• power down (“Your smart device is a serious devil.”)

Won’t the very fight for space wear us out? No, for as Greer points out, “space becomes a charging station for our Spirit-led and empowered life.”

Finally, Greer argues for “the daily pause,” an intentional “60-second” pause, twice a day, to be alone with God. Schedule the daily pause (Greer does 10 am and 2pm) and don’t skip it.

This was a very helpful, well-organized, accessible, biblically-grounded consideration of space: what it is, how Jesus approached this crucial area of life, why it matters, and how we can go about finding it and meeting God in it.

Chapter 2 – “Listen to Jesus”

Greer begins by establishing the connection between the first rule and the second: “The real purpose for making space is so that we can listen to Jesus in it.” Much is at stake in this listening: “If we don’t create space and listen to Jesus, we can miss the point of life.” And: “Religion without relationship is no different than secular atheism. Both lead adherents to roam from God, landing them in a narcissistic wasteland.” That is a powerful thought, and one worthy of deep consideration.

As with space, Greer demonstrates that Jesus followed the second rule as well: He listened. John’s Gospel establishes the fact that Jesus’ primary goal was to listen to the Father (i.e., John 5:19–20). “Jesus constantly listened for the Father’s voice and lived His life from what He heard.” This listening is not at odds with His saving work, rather, Greer demonstrates, Jesus’ listening was part of His saving work.

Not only does Jesus listen, He speaks. Greer points to Jesus’ presenting Himself as the Shepherd and His followers as His sheep: “and they will listen” (John 10:14–16). Greer is calling for “a conversant life with God” as the “core” of what it means to be a follower of Jesus.

How can we know we’re listening to Jesus’ voice? Greer helpfully points to John 1 and its description of Jesus as “the Word” (a point that, strangely enough, often doesn’t make it to our understanding of prayer because it stays only in Christology). But if Jesus is the Word then, whatever else it means, it means He is to be heard.

Here are some of the ways that Jesus speaks to us. Greer helpfully and effectively gives the biblical backing for each of these ways.

• desire
• doors
• dreams
• people
• promptings
• pain (“…pain is grace.” I very much liked this idea.)
• peace

Greer moves to a critically important question: “What if you don’t listen to Jesus?” The person who isn’t may be following the instructions of the Bible, but he or she is certainly not living the Christian life to the full. They are missing something powerful: a life of richness and fulness in the Holy Spirit. They are instead living a life that is “limited, dull, stuck.”

Finally, Greer speaks of his own approach to the rule of listening. He writes of his need for and practice of silence, reading scripture, prayer, and journaling.

Greer is a very good writer. The material is well-organized, effectively communicated, and very helpful! I’m enjoying this book very much. Highly recommended!

Chapter 3 – “Read the Bible Slowly”

After a helpful assessment of the hectic, distracted, exhausting nature of modern life, Greer asks a good question: “If the pace of our lives produces so little fruit, why do we keep running so fast?” The way we take in information today (i.e., quick bits of information flooding over us via the internet) affects how we read scripture. “Speed reading the scriptures” is not God’s ideal for us and our engagement with His Word.

Greer points to the temptations of Jesus in the wilderness to buttress his point. “Jesus fought His enemy with the truth of His Father’s Word.” We must read the Word in such a way that we are able to retain it, to remember it. This does not happen with fast, frantic skimmings of the Word. “We can only internalize it if we memorize it and we can only memorize it if we spend time reading it slowly.” This is what Jesus did: He “chewed on it…internalized it.”

Greer helpfully points to the difference between “access to God’s Word” and “reliance upon God’s Word.” “When we rely on the Word of God, we are relying on God Himself.” This sustained Jesus in His battle with the devil and, indeed, throughout the entirety of His earthly life.

Greer encourages a careful reading of Mulholland’s Shaped by the Word. We can read to be “informed” or to be “formed.” We don’t just read the Bible, it reads us. God’s Word is the primary way God speaks.

Greer asserts that the Bible is “for you” but not “about you.” God is who it is about. We come to the Word for wholeness.

We are to read scripture:

• intentionally
• prayerfully
• corporately

Greer calls upon us to read slowly. “God moves at a different pace than we do. And reading the Bible for formation requires slowing down, way down.” This will likely be difficult for many of us, given as we are to such a hectic pace. We also need to respond honestly and in real time to what we read in the Word, perhaps in a journal or through an immediate re-reading of the Word. Greer concludes by advocating lectio divina as a helpful practice.

This was a solid chapter and a good apologetic for reading scripture slowly and deliberately. Both new Christians and those who have been Christians for many years will benefit from Greer’s points.

Chapter 4 – “Become a Mystic”

Greer begins with a helpful assessment of the current zeitgeist. He begins with the Enlightenment, its move away from the spiritual to the intellectual, and its shift to rationalism. The problem is, Greer says, rationalistic thought leaves no room for the mystical. We know there is more than the “rational, observable, and measurable.” “Rationalism is useless in our pursuit of the who and why behind human life.” We now see “emotionalism” at work, which is the opposite extreme: everything is subjective, there are no objective facts, etc. We also have “egocentrism,” the “evil twin of individualism,” which means an obsession with our own perspective and only our own perspective. Both rationalism and emotionalism “leave no room for God.”

The “better option,” Greer says, is to “become a Christian mystic.” Jesus was a mystic, neither a rationalist or an emotionalist.

Greer points to the experience of the Mount of Transfiguration as an example of the mystical. In Mark 9:7–8, the Father declares Jesus to be HIs beloved Son. Greer notes that the disciples had seen the miracles but they needed also to experience the mystical to truly be able to understand Jesus.

Greer acknowledges that some in the Church see the word “mystical” as a negative. I’m glad he acknowledged this. Though this has likely changed somewhat, there are undoubtedly many in SBC culture who see the word “mystical” as if not problematic then at least eyebrow-raising. That has been my experience anyway. But Greer is arguing that, properly understood, all Christians are mystics.

He points next to the High Priestly Prayer of John 17:20–23, 26. He highlights the language of the followers of Jesus all being united to Him and to one another. Greer highlights other “mystical” passages: John 14:20, 15:4–5; 1 Corinthians 3:16, 6:17. All of these speak of our union with Christ, of our being joined to Him.

Greer next provides something of a definition of mysticism as he is using the term: “open[ing] your heart to the spiritual reality of God.” This is helpful and needed. In the ecclesio-cultural context I inhabit, that definition should likely be offered pretty early on, given how loaded that word is to some. Nearer the end of the chapter Greer argues that Christian mysticism refuses to believe that the measurable and the quantifiable are all that there is. It is an openness to the reality that there is more, much more, than we can see.

Greer appeals next to 1 Corinthians 15:12–20 and notes that we base our entire faith on one historical miracle. And, he argues, miracles continue to this day. Among these miracles, Greer points to God’s presence, God’s speaking, God’s listening, God’s dwelling with and in us.

Greer argues that if we fail to embrace the mystical we will miss a vitally important aspect of the Christian life and will walk with a spiritual limp. This is well-said and I agree completely. This was a helpful, strong, and through-provoking chapter.

Chapter 5 – “Join the Church”

In chapter 5, Greer makes his (convincing) case that the New Testament picture of life in Christ is a picture of life together in Christ. He warns against the modern phenomena that threaten Christian community (the church), and discusses our screens, our cheap substitutes for real community, self-sufficiency, and sin. This was well done and it brought to mind C.S. Lewis’ jarring idea of what he called “the heresy of Jesus-and-me.” In my own tribe—American, Baptist, Evangelicalism—there is a real tendency toward low ecclesiology and hyper-individualism, so I really appreciated this chapter.

I also appreciated the fact that by “joining” the church, Greer means not so much officially joining in a paper-work and institutional sense (though he is not opposed to this), but rather joining in an organic, life-together sense. He speaks of his and his family’s own journey in doing this: joining the church and then deeply connecting with a group of friends who shared their stories and their lives together.

This was another good chapter that calls us to a high ecclesiology arising from a high Christology. We “join” the church because Jesus has called us to be the church and Jesus has called us to be the church because He has so made us that we thrive together, in community, as His body.

Chapter 6 – “Don’t Just Sing There”

This chapter is about worship. Greer first argues that worship is more than singing, though the two terms have become, in evangelicalism, coterminous. Music and singing are vital components of worship, but worship is more than music and singing.

Greer next moves to a definition of worship:

• Worship is a response to God.
• Worship is both personal and corporate.

Greer writes: “Worship as a living sacrifice is sacrificial living. It’s a moment-by-moment, day-by-day, year-in and year-out volunteering of all our mind’s thoughts and our body’s actions to him and for him.” That was well said!

Greer points to Jesus’ confrontation with the religious elites of the Judaism of His day (as recounted in Matthew 23) and how Jesus called out their hypocrisy and their showy, empty religion. “They were like the lung doctor who chain smokes,” writes Greer. Our religion and our worship can be rendered obscene by our lives. Greer observes: “Biblical worship is deeper than religious activity.” Greer points to the widow and her mite (Luke 21:1–4) as a picture of true worship.

Greer returns to his theme that worship, biblically understood, is a way of life, a kind of living, not just limited to singing. To worship is to do everything we do, every day, for God, indeed to work for Him. “Worship is action that proves our allegiance.” He concludes with some very helpful and practical ways that he strives to live a life of worship.